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Arothron diadematus, commonly known as the Masked pufferfish or Diadem pufferfish, is a species of pufferfish belonging to the family Tetraodontidae. Here are some key characteristics and information about Arothron diadematus:

1. Physical Appearance: The Masked pufferfish has a distinctive appearance with a robust, inflated body and a rounded snout. It is characterized by a unique color pattern where the body is typically light brown to grayish with darker bands or markings that resemble a mask or diadem around the eyes and head. The belly is usually lighter in color.
2. Size: They can grow to a considerable size, reaching lengths of up to 50 centimeters (20 inches) or more.
3. Distribution: Arothron diadematus is found in the tropical waters of the Indo-Pacific region. Its range includes the Red Sea and East Africa to the western Pacific Ocean, including areas such as Indonesia, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, and northern Australia.
4. Habitat: Masked pufferfish are typically found in coral reefs, lagoons, and rocky areas with rich coral growth. They prefer areas with moderate water movement and ample hiding places among coral heads, rocks, and crevices.
5. Behavior: Pufferfish, including Arothron diadematus, are known for their ability to inflate their bodies with water or air when threatened, making them appear larger and deterring potential predators. They are omnivorous and feed on a variety of invertebrates, algae, and occasionally small fish.